The Sultanate of Delhi was a series of Muslim dynasties that ruled over parts of the Indian subcontinent from the 13th to the 16th centuries. It began with the establishment of the Mamluk Dynasty in 1206 and included notable dynasties such as the Khilji, Tughlaq, and Lodi. The sultanate played a crucial role in the spread of Islam in India and the establishment of Delhi as a major political and cultural center. During its rule, the Sultanate of Delhi saw significant architectural developments, including the construction of the Qutub Minar and the Alai Darwaza. The sultanate faced various challenges, including invasions and internal strife, but it laid the groundwork for the later Mughal Empire. The period is marked by a blend of Persian culture with local traditions, influencing art, literature, and governance in the region.