Sultan Al-Ashraf Qaitbay was a prominent ruler of the Mamluk Sultanate in Egypt, reigning from 1468 to 1496. He is best known for his military prowess and efforts to strengthen the sultanate during a time of external threats, particularly from the Ottoman Empire. Qaitbay also focused on economic stability and cultural development, leaving a lasting impact on the region. One of his most notable contributions is the construction of the Citadel of Qaitbay in Alexandria, which served as a defensive fortress and a symbol of his reign. His patronage of architecture and the arts helped to foster a rich cultural environment in Egypt during the late 15th century.