Subsurface water refers to water that exists beneath the Earth's surface, primarily found in soil and rock formations. This water is an essential component of the hydrological cycle, as it contributes to groundwater supplies and influences surface water bodies like rivers and lakes. The movement of subsurface water is affected by factors such as soil permeability and geological formations. It can be accessed through wells and is crucial for agricultural irrigation, drinking water, and maintaining ecosystems. Understanding subsurface water is vital for effective water management and conservation efforts.