A subgroup is a smaller group formed within a larger group, often sharing specific characteristics or interests. In mathematics, particularly in group theory, a subgroup is a set that is itself a group under the same operation as the larger group. For example, in the group of integers under addition, the even integers form a subgroup. In social sciences, subgroups can refer to smaller communities within a larger population, such as ethnic groups or interest groups. These subgroups can have distinct behaviors, norms, or values that differentiate them from the larger group, allowing for more focused study and understanding of their dynamics.