Stream ecology is the study of the relationships between organisms and their environment in freshwater streams and rivers. It examines how physical, chemical, and biological factors interact to shape aquatic ecosystems. Key components include water flow, temperature, and nutrient levels, which influence the types of plants and animals that can thrive in these habitats. Researchers in stream ecology often focus on the roles of macroinvertebrates, fish, and algae in maintaining ecosystem health. They also investigate how human activities, such as pollution and land use changes, impact stream ecosystems. Understanding these dynamics is essential for effective conservation and management of freshwater resources.