Stephen of England was a king who ruled from 1135 to 1154. He was born in 1092 and was a grandson of William the Conqueror. Stephen's reign was marked by a period of civil war known as the Anarchy, which arose due to disputes over the throne following the death of his uncle, Henry I. During his rule, Stephen faced challenges from rival claimants, particularly Empress Matilda, the daughter of Henry I. The conflict led to widespread disorder and weakened royal authority. Despite his efforts to maintain control, Stephen's reign ended with his recognition of Matilda's son, Henry II, as his successor, paving the way for the Plantagenet dynasty.