The term "Staufer" refers to a prominent dynasty that ruled over the Holy Roman Empire during the 12th and 13th centuries. The Staufer family, also known as the Hohenstaufen, originated from the region of Swabia in present-day Germany. They are known for their significant contributions to the political and cultural landscape of medieval Europe, including the promotion of the German language and the arts. Key figures of the Staufer dynasty include Frederick I, also known as Barbarossa, and his grandson Frederick II. Under their leadership, the Staufer expanded their influence across Italy and engaged in conflicts with the Papacy. The dynasty's decline began in the late 13th century, leading to the fragmentation of the Holy Roman Empire.