A statistical model is a mathematical representation that helps to describe and analyze data. It uses statistical methods to summarize relationships between variables, allowing researchers to make predictions or understand patterns. Common types of statistical models include linear regression, logistic regression, and time series analysis. These models rely on assumptions about the data, such as normality or independence, to provide accurate results. By fitting a statistical model to a dataset, analysts can estimate parameters, test hypotheses, and evaluate the model's performance. This process is essential in fields like economics, biology, and social sciences for informed decision-making.