Static compilation is a process where source code is translated into machine code before it is executed. This means that the entire program is compiled into a standalone executable file, which can run independently on a specific platform without needing the original source code or a compiler at runtime. This approach contrasts with dynamic compilation, where code is compiled on-the-fly during execution. Static compilation often results in faster execution times and improved performance, as the program is optimized for the target environment. Examples of languages that typically use static compilation include C and C++.