Stanislaw Ulam was a Polish-American mathematician born on April 13, 1909, in Lwów, Poland. He is best known for his contributions to the development of the hydrogen bomb during the Manhattan Project, which was a significant effort during World War II to create nuclear weapons. Ulam's work in mathematics also included advancements in number theory and the field of computational mathematics. Ulam is famous for the Monte Carlo method, a statistical technique he co-developed that uses random sampling to solve complex problems. He also collaborated with notable scientists like John von Neumann and contributed to various areas, including set theory and game theory. Ulam passed away on May 13, 1984, leaving a lasting impact on both mathematics and science.