A spray dryer is a device used to convert liquid solutions or suspensions into dry powder. It works by atomizing the liquid into fine droplets and then rapidly drying them with hot air. This process is commonly used in the food, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries to produce powdered products like milk powder, instant coffee, and various chemicals. The main components of a spray dryer include a feed system, an atomizer, a drying chamber, and a collection system. The efficiency of a spray dryer depends on factors such as droplet size, air temperature, and airflow rate, which can be adjusted to achieve the desired product characteristics.