Sphingolipid metabolism involves the synthesis and breakdown of sphingolipids, which are essential components of cell membranes. These lipids play crucial roles in cell signaling, membrane structure, and protection against environmental stress. The primary building block is sphingosine, which is formed from serine and palmitoyl-CoA. The metabolism of sphingolipids includes pathways for their degradation, primarily in the lysosome. Enzymes such as sphingomyelinase and ceramidase help break down sphingolipids into simpler molecules, which can be recycled or used for energy. Dysregulation of sphingolipid metabolism is linked to various diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders.