Sphenodontia
Sphenodontia is a group of reptiles that includes the well-known tuatara, which is native to New Zealand. These unique creatures are often mistaken for lizards, but they belong to a separate lineage that dates back over 200 million years. Sphenodontians have distinct features, such as a unique jaw structure and a third eye, known as a parietal eye, which helps them sense light and regulate their circadian rhythms.
Unlike most reptiles, Sphenodontia have a slow growth rate and can live for over 100 years. They primarily feed on insects and plants, using their sharp teeth to grasp and chew their food. Conservation efforts are crucial for protecting these ancient reptiles, as their habitats are threatened by human activities.