Specific languages are programming languages designed for particular tasks or domains. Unlike general-purpose languages, which can be used for a wide range of applications, specific languages are optimized for certain types of problems. Examples include SQL for database queries and HTML for web page structure. These languages often provide specialized syntax and features that make it easier to express solutions within their domain. By focusing on a narrow area, specific languages can enhance productivity and efficiency for developers working on targeted projects, such as R for statistical analysis or MATLAB for numerical computing.