Species interactions refer to the various ways in which different species in an ecosystem interact with one another. These interactions can be classified into several types, including predation, competition, mutualism, and parasitism. For example, in a predator-prey relationship, one species (the predator) hunts and consumes another species (the prey), while in mutualism, both species benefit from the interaction, such as bees pollinating flowers. These interactions play a crucial role in shaping ecosystems and influencing the distribution and abundance of species. They can affect population dynamics, community structure, and even evolutionary processes. Understanding species interactions helps ecologists predict how changes in one species can impact others and the overall health of the ecosystem.