Spaying and neutering are surgical procedures that prevent animals from reproducing. Spaying refers to the removal of a female animal's ovaries and usually the uterus, while neutering involves the removal of a male animal's testicles. These procedures are commonly performed on pets like dogs and cats to help control the pet population and reduce the number of animals in shelters. In addition to population control, spaying and neutering can lead to health benefits for pets. Spayed females are less likely to develop certain cancers, and neutered males may exhibit fewer behavioral issues, such as aggression or marking territory. Overall, these procedures contribute to healthier and more manageable pet ownership.