Spatial filtering is a technique used in image processing to enhance or suppress certain features within an image. It involves applying a filter, which is a small matrix of numbers, to each pixel in the image. This process helps to reduce noise, sharpen edges, or blur areas, depending on the type of filter used. Common filters include Gaussian for blurring and Laplacian for edge detection. The filter is moved across the image, and at each position, a mathematical operation is performed, typically involving multiplication and summation of the pixel values. This results in a new image that reflects the desired modifications. Spatial filtering is widely used in applications such as computer vision, medical imaging, and photography.