The Spanish colonial period refers to the time when Spain established colonies in the Americas, beginning in the late 15th century and lasting until the early 19th century. This era was marked by the exploration and conquest of vast territories, including parts of present-day Mexico, Central America, and South America. The Spanish aimed to expand their empire, spread Christianity, and exploit natural resources. During this period, the Spanish introduced their language, culture, and religion to indigenous populations. They built cities, such as Mexico City and Lima, and established a colonial government. The impact of Spanish colonization is still evident today in the languages, traditions, and social structures of many Latin American countries.