Spanish colonial history refers to the period when Spain established colonies in the Americas, beginning in the late 15th century. Following Christopher Columbus's voyage in 1492, Spain claimed vast territories, including parts of North America, Central America, and South America. The Spanish Empire expanded through exploration, conquest, and the establishment of settlements, leading to significant cultural and economic exchanges. During this time, the Spanish imposed their language, religion, and governance on indigenous populations. The Spanish Crown sought to extract resources, particularly gold and silver, which fueled European economies. This era also saw the rise of missions aimed at converting native peoples to Christianity and the establishment of social hierarchies that often marginalized indigenous communities.