Spanish verbs are action words that describe what someone does. They change form based on the subject, which can be a person or thing performing the action. Each verb belongs to one of three main categories, known as conjugations: ar, er, and ir verbs. Conjugation involves altering the verb endings to match the subject and tense, such as present, past, or future. For example, the verb hablar (to speak) changes to hablo (I speak) in the first person singular present tense. Understanding these patterns is essential for effective communication in Spanish.