Spanish exploration began in the late 15th century, driven by the desire for new trade routes and wealth. Notable explorers like Christopher Columbus sought a westward passage to Asia but instead discovered the Americas in 1492. This led to further expeditions by figures such as Hernán Cortés and Francisco Pizarro, who conquered vast territories and established Spanish colonies. The Spanish Empire expanded rapidly, claiming lands in the Caribbean, Central America, and South America. The exploration resulted in significant cultural exchanges, the spread of Christianity, and the establishment of trade networks. However, it also led to the decline of indigenous populations due to disease and conflict.