The Spanish Colonial Era refers to the period when Spain established colonies in the Americas, beginning in the late 15th century and lasting until the early 19th century. This era was marked by the exploration and conquest of vast territories, including parts of present-day Mexico, Central America, and South America. Spanish explorers, such as Christopher Columbus and Hernán Cortés, played significant roles in claiming land for Spain and spreading Christianity. During this time, the Spanish implemented a system of governance that included the establishment of missions, presidios, and towns. The influence of Spanish culture, language, and religion became deeply rooted in the colonies. The era also saw the exploitation of indigenous populations and resources, leading to significant social and economic changes in the region.