Space history refers to the exploration and study of outer space, beginning with early astronomical observations. The launch of the first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1, by the Soviet Union in 1957 marked the start of the space age. This event led to significant advancements in technology and international competition, known as the Space Race. In 1969, the Apollo 11 mission successfully landed humans on the Moon, with astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin becoming the first to walk on its surface. Since then, numerous missions have explored planets, asteroids, and comets, expanding our understanding of the universe and paving the way for future exploration.