The Southern Song (1127–1279) was a period in Chinese history that followed the fall of the Northern Song dynasty. It was characterized by a shift of the capital to Hangzhou after the invasion of the Jurchen tribes. This era is known for its economic prosperity, advancements in technology, and flourishing arts, particularly in painting and poetry. During the Southern Song, trade expanded significantly, with increased maritime commerce. The government promoted cultural achievements, leading to the development of Neo-Confucianism. The Southern Song also saw the rise of influential figures like the poet Su Shi and the painter Ma Yuan, who contributed to the rich cultural legacy of this period.