The South Vietnamese government, officially known as the Republic of Vietnam, was established in 1955 after the division of Vietnam into North and South. It was led by President Ngo Dinh Diem until his assassination in 1963. The government aimed to promote anti-communism and received significant support from the United States during the Vietnam War. The South Vietnamese government faced numerous challenges, including political instability, corruption, and opposition from the Viet Cong, a communist insurgency. Despite receiving military and economic aid, the government struggled to maintain control and legitimacy, ultimately leading to its collapse in 1975 when North Vietnam captured Saigon.