Sonar technology, short for Sound Navigation and Ranging, uses sound waves to detect and locate objects underwater. It works by emitting sound pulses and measuring the time it takes for the echoes to return after bouncing off an object, such as a submarine or fish. This information helps in mapping the ocean floor and identifying underwater hazards. There are two main types of sonar: active sonar, which sends out sound waves, and passive sonar, which listens for sounds made by objects. Sonar is widely used in various fields, including marine biology, naval operations, and fishing, making it an essential tool for underwater exploration.