Somatic mutation refers to changes in the DNA sequence that occur in non-reproductive cells of an organism. These mutations can happen due to various factors, such as environmental influences, errors during DNA replication, or exposure to certain chemicals. Unlike germline mutations, which are inherited and can be passed to offspring, somatic mutations are not transmitted to the next generation. These mutations can lead to a variety of effects, including the development of diseases like cancer. In cancer, for example, somatic mutations can cause cells to grow uncontrollably, leading to tumor formation. Understanding somatic mutations is crucial for developing targeted therapies and improving treatment outcomes.