Solar thermal collectors are devices that capture sunlight and convert it into heat. They are commonly used in solar water heating systems, where the collected heat is used to warm water for residential or commercial use. These collectors typically consist of a flat or evacuated tube design, which absorbs sunlight and transfers the heat to a fluid, usually water or antifreeze, circulating through the system. The heated fluid can then be stored in a tank for later use or directly utilized for heating applications. Solar thermal collectors are an efficient way to harness renewable energy, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and lowering energy costs for users.