Software requirements are the specifications that outline what a software application must do and the constraints it must operate under. They serve as a foundation for the development process, ensuring that the final product meets the needs of its users and stakeholders. Requirements can be functional, detailing specific behaviors or functions, or non-functional, addressing performance, security, and usability aspects. Gathering software requirements typically involves collaboration between stakeholders, business analysts, and developers. This process includes interviews, surveys, and workshops to understand user needs and expectations. Clear and well-documented requirements help prevent misunderstandings and guide the development team throughout the software lifecycle.