A software module is a self-contained unit of code that performs a specific function within a larger software system. It is designed to be reusable and can be independently developed, tested, and maintained. Modules help organize code, making it easier to manage and understand, especially in complex applications. In programming, modules can be thought of as building blocks. For example, in the Python programming language, a module can be a single file containing functions and variables that can be imported into other programs. This modular approach enhances collaboration among developers and improves code efficiency.