Sodium channels are specialized proteins found in the membranes of cells, particularly in neurons and muscle cells. They play a crucial role in generating and transmitting electrical signals by allowing sodium ions to flow into the cell when activated. This influx of sodium ions depolarizes the cell membrane, leading to the initiation of action potentials, which are essential for communication within the nervous system. These channels open in response to changes in voltage across the cell membrane, a process known as voltage gating. Once activated, sodium channels quickly close and become inactive, preventing further sodium entry. This cycle of opening and closing is vital for the proper functioning of nerves and muscles, enabling rapid responses to stimuli.