Socket Programming is a method used in computer networking that allows different devices to communicate with each other over a network. It involves creating a socket, which is an endpoint for sending and receiving data. Sockets can be used for various types of communication, such as connecting a web browser to a web server or enabling chat applications to exchange messages. In Socket Programming, there are two main types of sockets: TCP sockets, which provide reliable, ordered, and error-checked delivery of data, and UDP sockets, which are faster but do not guarantee delivery. Developers use programming languages like Python, Java, or C to implement socket communication in their applications.