Smithson is a surname that may refer to various individuals, including the founder of the Smithsonian Institution, James Smithson. Born in 1765, he was a British scientist and mineralogist who left his fortune to establish the institution in Washington, D.C., dedicated to the increase and diffusion of knowledge. The Smithsonian Institution is a group of museums and research centers, comprising 19 museums, 21 libraries, and several research facilities. It is known for its vast collections, including artifacts related to American history, art, and culture, making it a significant cultural and educational resource in the United States.