Site investigation is the process of gathering information about a specific location before construction or development begins. This involves assessing the physical, chemical, and geological characteristics of the site to understand its suitability for the intended project. Techniques such as soil sampling, drilling, and geophysical surveys are commonly used to collect data. The primary goal of site investigation is to identify any potential risks or challenges that may affect the construction process. By understanding factors like soil stability, groundwater levels, and contaminants, engineers and planners can make informed decisions, ensuring safety and efficiency in the project.