The Single Responsibility Principle (SRP) is a fundamental concept in software design that states a class or module should have only one reason to change. This means that each component should focus on a single task or responsibility, making the code easier to understand, maintain, and test. By adhering to SRP, developers can reduce the complexity of their code and minimize the impact of changes. When a class has multiple responsibilities, it can lead to tightly coupled code, where changes in one area may inadvertently affect others. This can result in bugs and increased difficulty in managing the codebase. Following SRP helps ensure that each class, such as a UserManager or OrderProcessor, is dedicated to a specific function, promoting better organization and clarity in software development.