Simulated Annealing is an optimization technique inspired by the process of heating and cooling metals. Just like metal is slowly cooled to remove defects, this method helps find the best solution to complex problems by exploring various possibilities. It starts with a random solution and gradually improves it by making small changes, accepting both better and sometimes worse solutions to avoid getting stuck in local optima. As the process continues, the "temperature" decreases, reducing the likelihood of accepting worse solutions. This allows the algorithm to focus on refining the best solutions over time, ultimately leading to a high-quality result in various fields like computer science and operations research.