Silicon solar cells are devices that convert sunlight into electricity using silicon, a common semiconductor material. They work by absorbing photons from sunlight, which then excite electrons in the silicon, creating an electric current. These cells are widely used in solar panels due to their efficiency and durability. The most common types of silicon solar cells are monocrystalline and polycrystalline. Monocrystalline cells are made from a single crystal structure, offering higher efficiency, while polycrystalline cells are made from multiple crystal structures, making them less expensive but slightly less efficient. Both types contribute significantly to renewable energy production.