Sigmoidoscopy is a medical procedure used to examine the lower part of the colon and rectum. During the procedure, a doctor inserts a flexible tube with a light and camera, called a sigmoidoscope, into the anus and rectum. This allows the doctor to view the lining of the sigmoid colon for any abnormalities, such as inflammation, polyps, or signs of cancer. The procedure typically takes about 15 to 30 minutes and can be done in a doctor's office or clinic. Patients may receive a mild sedative to help them relax. After the exam, the doctor will discuss the findings and any necessary follow-up steps.