The sigmoid artery is a blood vessel that branches from the inferior mesenteric artery. It supplies blood to the sigmoid colon, which is the part of the large intestine that connects to the rectum. Typically, there are two to four sigmoid arteries on each side, ensuring adequate blood flow to this region. These arteries play a crucial role in the vascular system of the abdomen. They help maintain the health of the sigmoid colon by delivering oxygen-rich blood, which is essential for the proper functioning of the digestive system.