A Sigma-Delta ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter) is a type of converter that uses oversampling and noise shaping to achieve high-resolution digital output from an analog signal. It works by converting the input signal into a series of pulses, which are then filtered and processed to produce a precise digital representation. This method allows for better performance in terms of accuracy and noise reduction compared to traditional ADCs. The Sigma-Delta architecture typically consists of a modulator and a digital filter. The modulator samples the input signal at a much higher rate than the Nyquist rate, while the digital filter averages these samples to produce a stable output. This design makes Sigma-Delta ADCs particularly suitable for applications in audio processing, instrumentation, and other fields requiring high fidelity.