The Sierra Madre mountains are a major mountain range in Mexico, stretching over 1,000 kilometers. They are divided into two main sections: the Sierra Madre Oriental to the east and the Sierra Madre Occidental to the west. These mountains are known for their diverse ecosystems, which include forests, grasslands, and unique wildlife. The Sierra Madre mountains play a crucial role in the region's climate and hydrology. They influence weather patterns and are a source of many rivers. The mountains are also rich in minerals and have been important for mining activities throughout history.