A shock absorber is a mechanical device designed to dampen and control the impact of shocks and vibrations in vehicles. It works by converting kinetic energy from the suspension system into thermal energy, which is then dissipated. This helps maintain vehicle stability and comfort by reducing the bounce and sway that can occur when driving over uneven surfaces. In vehicles, shock absorbers are typically part of the suspension system, working alongside components like springs and struts. They play a crucial role in ensuring a smooth ride, improving handling, and enhancing safety by keeping the tires in contact with the road.