Shirt construction involves several key components, including the fabric, pattern, and stitching techniques. The fabric can vary from cotton to polyester, each offering different textures and breathability. Patterns are created using templates that outline the shirt's shape, including the sleeves, collar, and body. Once the fabric is cut according to the pattern, the pieces are sewn together using various stitching methods. Common techniques include straight stitching for seams and zigzag stitching for hems. Additional elements like buttons, zippers, and pockets are added to enhance functionality and style, making each shirt unique in its design.