Sex hormones are chemical messengers produced by the endocrine system that play a crucial role in regulating sexual development, reproduction, and various bodily functions. The primary sex hormones include estrogen and progesterone in females, and testosterone in males. These hormones influence physical traits, such as body hair and breast development, as well as reproductive processes like the menstrual cycle and sperm production. In addition to their roles in reproduction, sex hormones also affect mood, energy levels, and bone health. Imbalances in these hormones can lead to various health issues, including infertility, mood disorders, and osteoporosis. Understanding sex hormones is essential for maintaining overall health and well-being.