Sex refers to the biological differences between males and females, including reproductive organs and genetic differences. Typically, individuals are classified as male or female based on their anatomy and chromosomes, such as XY for males and XX for females. Gender, on the other hand, is a social and cultural concept that encompasses the roles, behaviors, and identities that society associates with being male or female. It can vary widely across different cultures and can include identities such as transgender or non-binary. Reproduction involves the biological processes through which new individuals are created, often involving the union of male and female gametes.