The Serbo-Turkish War (1876-1878) was a conflict between the Kingdom of Serbia and the Ottoman Empire. It arose from Serbia's desire for independence and territorial expansion, fueled by nationalist sentiments among the Slavic population in the Balkans. The war was part of a larger struggle involving various Balkan states seeking to liberate themselves from Ottoman rule. The war ended with the Treaty of San Stefano, which favored Serbia and granted it territorial gains. However, the treaty was later revised at the Congress of Berlin in 1878, leading to further tensions in the region. This conflict set the stage for future Balkan wars and the eventual decline of the Ottoman Empire.