Sequent Calculus is a formal system used in mathematical logic to represent and manipulate logical arguments. It consists of sequences, or "sequents," which express that if certain premises are true, then a conclusion follows. This system allows for the systematic application of rules to derive conclusions from premises, making it a powerful tool for proving the validity of logical statements. Developed by Gerhard Gentzen in the 1930s, Sequent Calculus provides a structured way to analyze proofs. It is particularly useful in the study of proof theory and has applications in areas such as computer science and philosophy, where formal reasoning is essential.