A septal defect is a congenital heart condition where there is an abnormal opening in the wall (septum) that separates the heart's chambers. This defect can occur between the upper chambers (atria) or the lower chambers (ventricles), allowing blood to flow improperly between them. This can lead to increased blood flow to the lungs and may cause various symptoms, including shortness of breath and fatigue. There are two main types of septal defects: atrial septal defect (ASD) and ventricular septal defect (VSD). Treatment options vary depending on the size and severity of the defect and may include monitoring, medication, or surgical repair. Early diagnosis and intervention can help prevent complications and improve heart function.