Sensor calibration is the process of adjusting a sensor's output to ensure it accurately reflects the physical quantity it measures, such as temperature, pressure, or light. This is essential because sensors can drift over time due to environmental factors or wear and tear, leading to inaccurate readings. During calibration, known reference values are compared to the sensor's output. If discrepancies are found, adjustments are made to align the sensor's readings with the reference values. Regular calibration helps maintain the reliability and accuracy of measurements in various applications, including industrial processes, medical devices, and environmental monitoring.