The Senado Federal is the upper house of the National Congress of Brazil. It consists of 81 senators, with three elected from each of the 26 states and the Federal District. Senators serve an eight-year term, with half of the seats up for election every four years. The primary functions of the Senado Federal include reviewing legislation proposed by the lower house, the Câmara dos Deputados, and approving or rejecting presidential nominations for key positions. Additionally, the Senate has the authority to conduct investigations and oversee the executive branch, ensuring accountability in the government.